I teach bowmaking workshops throughout the year and even with regular forewarning, a few first-time bowyers/archers have accidentally dry fired their bows. Most have been at full draw after failing to get good arrow nock registry on the string. None broke outright, and in all but one case there has been no news of breaks since.
Although it’s best to avoid it at all costs, I think most selfbows can handle a dry fire or two. The one student bow that eventually broke was after 5 dry fires back-to-back. It took a while for the person to figure out the arrow situation. I let them know the bow would eventually break, and it did, but 4-6 months and thousands of shots later.