If its a moderate weight bow, grain orientation is unlikely to be an issue within reason(eg I wouldn't have end grain up).
Advantages... Yes 1/4 sawn would technically be the strongest. If the wood was ever under enough force to shear, then it wouldn't shear along a single earlywood ring.
Straight grain regardless of orientation is going to have more strength than wood milled at an angle to the grain.
A would be the best, then B. C would be the worst as the grain under the groove is angled and shortest, making it the most likely to fail.