OK, here's my first attempt at a completely "primitive" arrow. The shaft is a red osier dogwood shoot from up in the canyon; feathers are wild turkey primaries from the Bighorn mountains. I carved the arrowhead from bison leg bone. The whole thing is held together with bison sinew, hide glue, and pine pitch glue, and painted with mineral pigments with egg yolk or hide glue for binder.
Bone arrowheads aren't legal for big game in Wyoming, and this shaft is a bit too bendy to shoot out of a heavy hunting bow anyway, but other than that, this is a completely functional arrow that would fly great out of a lighter-weight bow. It was fun to make and I'm very happy with it. I gave it as a gift to my friends that run the bison ranch.