I tried my hand at a temporary target a couple of days ago, with mixed sucess. I had some scrap very thick foam backed carpeting I cut into squares and inserted into a shallow wide box which I then slid into a larger and much stouter shallow box my TV came in.
The carpeting stopped the arrows cold but a couple of the cheap carbon arrows I used were damaged by impact with heads and threaded inserts coming out and hairline cracks visible.
I think I'll pick up a couple of bales of straw this week. I figure straw would be less likely to damage my arrows.
Many years ago I tried cleaning up a very funky old area rug without much success. I had it hanging on a line to dry and decided to see if arrows would pass through it. The rug was cheap and thin with no backing, doubled and hung over the line that made 4 layers.
I was surprised at how easily the hanging material absorbed the energy and arrows from a 35 lb Bearcat recurve just stuck in it about an inch or less with some just stopped dead.