From what I gathered it's a fairly resilient tree. It can handle an average new england winter with no issues, it grows quickly, and recovers from pruning and damage amazingly fast. It's range used to be wider, but today the natural seed dispersion is almost non-existent. All the animals that used to spread the seeds have gone extinct, mainly mammoths and giant sloths. The animals that feed on the seeds today don't eat the whole fruit which does little to spread the seed. The thorns were an adaptation to protect the tree's branches and leaves form large north american herbivore mammals that ate the "fruit", same as black locust. Unlike the locust, the seeds of the osage cannot be spread effectively by wind. Believe it or not the most common natural means of seed distribution is gravity and floating down rivers. The natural range of the osage has steadily been losing altitude for centuries. If it hadn't been intentionally grown by man for fence lines and bow making, it would only be found in a few low lying locations by now. If it wasn't such a desirable wood, there's a good chance it may not have survived.
You shouldn't have any issues growing it in England. It could handle/enjoy a lot more sunshine, but it's not required.