It may not be primitive but a braided nylon string is best to use for the bull roarer. The board is not only rotating as you swing it but it is spinning on the string's axis. When the string gets tight going one direction the roarer switches directions of spin until it gets tight going that way. It wraps back and forth as long as you keep rotating it. the pitch changes each time it switches.
You can make them out of most any hardwood but denser is better. Oak, osage, hickory, etc. avoid soft woods like pine, cottonwood, etc.
Have fun and paint it up real nice!