thanx fellows! these are tonkin arrows. i used silk for the front wrap and sinew for the nock wrap. silk is less rough on the knuckle than sinew. i use a side disk sander on my belt sander to grind my taper. cane can split when using a pencil sharpener type taper tool. i use a block of wood clamped to the sander table as a jig to cut my 5 and 11 degree tapers. tonkin is thick enough not to need an insert for the taper. river cane is about the only type of cane i use insert with because it has thinner walls compared to other species of cane i use.